Refrigerating system for cars.



H. c. AYERST.

REFRIGERATING SYSTEM FOR CARS.

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H. C. AYERST.

REFRIGERATING SYSTEM FOR CARS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 9. 1914.

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- A By v Arron/vn y Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

H. C. AYERST.

REFRIGERATING SYSTEM FOR CARS.

Patented Mar. 7,1916.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 9| |914. 1,174,800,

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UWE/vm# n Harry Ayers f.

`, Arron/ver WITNESSES: Am. [w wat H.'C. AYERST.

REFR'IGERATING SYSTEM FOR CARS.

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H. C. AYERSTQ REFRIGERATINGv SYSTEM FOR CARS.

APPplcATmM FILED FEB. 9-. 1914.

Patented Mm.l 7, 1916.

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H. C. AYERST.

`REFRIGERAT|NG SYSTEM FORCARS. APPLICATION man FEB. 9. |914. 1,174,800.

B SHEETS-SHEET 6- klo I7 ,Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

' Arm/mfr H. C. AYERST. REFRIGERATING SYSTEM FOR CARS.

. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 9. |914. n I 1, 174.,800. Patented Mar. 7,1916.

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H. C. AYERST.

REFRIGERATING SYSTEM Foa cARs. A APPLICATION FILED FEB. 9, 1914.v l

Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

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HARRY C. AYERST, OF PORTLAND, OREGON, `ASSIGNOEL TO INTERNATIONALCOOLING CO., OF PORTLAND, OREGON, A CORPORATION F OREGON. A

REFBIGERATING SYSTEM ron. CARS.

To all whom, t may concern.:

Be it known that I, HARRY C., AYERs'r, a

A `citizen of the United States, and a resident of rthe city ofPortland, in the county of Multnomah, State of Oregon, have invented anew and useful Improvement in Refrigerating Systems for Cars, of whichthe following is a specification.

.My invention relates' to a systemnof refrigeration especiallyadaptedfor use in freight cars while in'transit.

A commercially successful refrigeration system for the purpose mentionedmust be very compact and rigid so as to resist .the`

jars and shocks due to the car motion. Furthermore, it must be soconstructed as to require `a minimum To this end the main object of myinvention is to provide individual refrigerating means foreach car, andto control the operation of such means .automatically by thermostaticdevices so arranged vas to operate only when the temperature of the carhas reached' a predetermined maximum degree,

and in this way maintaining constant refrigeration within the car.

A further .object of my invention is to so arrange each car that it isan interchangeable unit of aseries of cars, the refrigeration devices ofeach of which is controlled from one central source of electric powercarried by one car, all unitsbeing connected in y multiple and vtheenergizing circuit for the tion hereinafter' contained.

In theaccompanying/drawings: Figure l is a side elevation of arefrigerating car equipped with my apparatus; portions of` the carhousing are broken away: so as to 45. show the condenser andrefrigerating coils;

the motor and compressors are to be `understood as carried in' adust-proof case .susvpended under the bottom of the car; Fig. 2

l' is a diagrammatic view showing my refrigerating apparatus complete;Fig. .3 1s aside elevation of the motor-driven luid` compresser and pumpsupplying'the water for cooling. andthe connectionsof these devices,these p arts being suspended directly beneath theloorof a car; thecasing which Specification of-Letters Patent. Patnted Mar, 7, 1916,Application led February 9,'1914. Serial No. 817,677. l v

protects these parts from the dirt and dust of the roadbed is, however,omitted from this view; Fig. 4 is a plan view of the motor and thedriving connections between the same and the fluid compressors kand thecool-` ing pumps; Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of one ofthey fluid compressors and cooling pumps, detailing the inlet and outletvalve construction of said compressor; the moving parts are shown at theend of their working or exhaust stroke; Fig. 6 is a longitudinal,vertical section of the fluid compressor piston," showing thepistonvalve in theposition assumed by it on the exhaust stroke.; Fig. 7is a transverse vertical section taken on` the line 7--7 of Fig. 6; Fig.8

of attention while inY 35 refrigerating devices of each car being autoisa detailed sectional view of the end of the water-pump, showing theintake and exhaust valves as positioned during the expelling stroke ofthe piston, the direction of movement of the latter being indicated byan arrow; Fig. 9` is a sectional detail of the. oil separator and theconnections of same with' the high pressure, or exhaust, and the low ipressure,.or intaket sides of the apparatus Fig. 10 is a" sectionaldetail of the liquid receiver located y-at the bottoni of the'condenser; vand Fig. 11 is a-transverse sectional' elevation of a carin which my refrigerating apparatus is installed; the motor, the iiuidcompressors, and Athe cooling pumps are, omitted in this view, as arealso the continuations of the refrigerating coils and the casing of thewater. cooling pipes. l

lIn the drawings, a refrigerating car of the ordinary type isrepresented by a. The walls and floor of this car are insulatedin anyconvenient manner, for example as suggested bythe construction outlinedin Figs.

1 and 11. The wheels ofthe car areindicated *by a', andthe axles by a2in Fig. 11. The

details of-.the remaining portions of the car construction are notdetailed because immaterial. i' f f Suspended from the''loor of the car,a, by the Vbrackets,-b, (see Fig. 1) is a shelf b, which supports theIfluid compressors; the pumps 'and the motor, all shown in assembled vewin Fig. 3. A dust-proof casa/b2, (see Fig. 1) incloses these parts. Theparts inclosed by the case, b2, are shown in Figs.

3 to 8 inclusive.

The lfluid compressors comprise cylinders,- c, rigidly mounted n thebased, aiiixed on the shelfb. The rods j of the compressor pistons, l0,of the two cylinders are connected i by a yoke e,- .which isreciprocated bythe eccentric disk e2. The water pumps, f, are alsorigidly mounted on the base, d, in parallel alinement with thecompressor cylinders c, c. The piston rod f of said pumps are connectedto the yoke e, so that the compressor and the pump are drivensynchronously.

A portion d of the base d (see Figs. 8 and 5) is formed as an oilreservoir, in which the lower end of the yoke e reciprocated, so thatthe lower end of the sliding block, e2 will pick up a little of thelubricating oil with each revolution'of the eccentric e2. The motor caseg is rigidly mounted on the base d, as is also the gear case h (seeFigs. 8 and 4'), the latter containing the right-angled re ducing gearthat carries the drive from the motor to the eccentric e2, see Fig. 4'.Said reducinggear comprises a spur gear h fixed on the end of the motorshaft 71,2. Said gear drives a larger-sized pinion h3, `rigid. on theshaft h4, rotatably mounted in the gear case it. A pinion 71,5 carriesthe drive Jto a gear its, rigid on a rotatable shaft k7, also mounted inparallel alinement with the motor shaft h2. A miter gear, its, rigid onthe end Vof the shaft 71,7, carries the driveat right angles to themiter gear 71,", the latter being rigid on the shaft h1,'which isrotatably mounted in the gear case at right angles to the motor shafth2. The eccentric e2 is mounted on the end of they shaft h1 and drivesthe yoke e, so as to operate the fluid compressor and water pumps, inthe manner previously mentioned.

Each compressor cylinder, o, has two gas inlets c', c2. See Figf. Theinlets c connect directly with the fluid inlet pipe o?, through theconnections 0 4, c5, and said pipe c3 is connected with the fluid inletsc2 by the pipes c, c7. Each of the inlets c', c2 is controlled by avalve. One of the inlet valves c is detailed in Fig. 5, and the inletvalves c2 are of the same construction. `The inlet head i (see Fig. 5)is threaded into the head of the compressor cylinder. c, and theconnecting pipe c4 is threaded into said inlet head A cone valve z" isadapted to close the opening from theinlet head to the interior of thecompressor cylinder c. This valve z" is normally held closed by acoil-spring 2. When the pressure in the inlet head, i, isV greater thanthe pressure in the compressor cylinders, c, the valve z" will -open and.admit fluid to the compressor cyll inders until the pressures in thecompressor cylinders is greater, whereupon the valve i' will againclose. The interior of the inlet head, z', has a safety outlet to theexternal atmosphere. In this outlet is formed a shoulder 3 upon'whch isseated a copper disk 4, held in place by a hollow plug i5. These partsare so arranged that pressure higher than a predetermined safety pointprevent any damage. f

One of the pistons, l0, of the compressor cylinders is detailed in Figs.6 kand 7. The piston rod j has its end threaded, and is provided with aplurality of longitudinal peripheral grooves j which are adapted to passthe incoming fluid from therear lof the piston head l0 to the front ofthe latter, thence passing through a-valve l0. Said piston head isconstructed as follows: A .cored-out piece 702 is threaded internally toreceive the threaded end of the piston rod j. rllhe inner end of thispiece [02 is made of reduced diameter, threaded externally, and theouter end of said piece is formed with closed-by a spring 103, bearingon a nut 70". A perforated washer 705 serves to center the valve. Theouter end of the piece k? has its edge'beveled as shownat l0 in Fig. 6,

. a valve seat. The valve k is held normally v which allows thecompressed fluid to creep l .under and expand the cup-leather 107, whenA cup-leather 7011 is firmly fastened to the bushing 109 by the washer7012, the latter being concaved at its inner surface. A lock nut 1013secures these parts in place. The outlet end ofthe compressor cylinder cis made with a port m. See Fig. 5.-' A .cored-out piece m is made with avalve opening m2, connecting with the port m, and is bolted on the endof the cylinder c. Said piece lm is provided with an outlet orificewhich connects with the outlet pipe m1". Said piece fm, is boltedrigidly on the endof the compressor cylinder c. vA perforated washer m3bears against a shoulder of the piece fm, and forms a guideway for thevalve stem mf* of the valve m5. A Spring m normally holds said valveclosed. A bushing 'm7 holds the washer' m3 against its seat and alsoprovides a seat for`a safety blow-out valve m8, held in` place by theplug m9, and performing the same function as the above l describedsafety device of the inlet head 0 of the `cylinder a, and is rigidlymounted on the base d. The end of the pump cylinder f adjacent the yokee is provided with a A water jacket, n,

ports in said head f4. Said valves f5, f6, act

inA different directions and at different times, as is obvious. r1`hepipe n2 connects. with the opening of. the inlet valve f5. When thepiston f is moving toward theleft, as shown in Fig. 8, the pressure ofthe water will open the valve f, and close the inlet valve f5. A safety`plug f7, similar to those shown -in connection with the inlet andoutlet valves of the compression cylinder, is used'in connection withthe outlet val-ve f6. An outlet pipe f8 connectswith the outlet valve f,and carries the water from the pump to the condenser r. The outlet pipem10 of the compressor cylinder c conveys the compressed fluid to an oilseparator p (see Figs. 2 and 9.) the func- 1 tion of which is toseparate the oil and fo-rand discharged to the atmosphere.

exterior through the end eign matter from the fluid before the latterenters thecondenser; the oil being returned to the inlet pipe c3. Thisseparator, as detailed in Fig. 9, consists of an oil receptacle providedon its interior. with ,two coarse screens p', p2, and a fine screen p3,located respectively as shown in this fgure. rllhe lower end of thereceptacle connects with a small pipe or conduit p4, which divides thestream by causing portions thereof to iow through the branches p5. Anair chamber, or dome, p6, and blow-out valve p7, the air contained inthe oil to be collectcld e branches 775 unite at a lower polnt, and theoil flows through the needle valve p and check valve p9 into the pipe orcondult 771 which connects with the inlet pipe 03. 1`he compressed liuidwhich is discharged into the oil separator, p,- ris'es from the 'latterthrough the fine screen p3 into a pipe q, which carries it to the topcoil g of the condenser, r, (see Fig. 11), through wh1ch 11t iows downto the liquid receiver, s, which is located just above` the Hoor of thecar. The condenser, 1', is located in one corner of. the car and ispartitioned ofi' from .the body of thelatter as shown by a?. 1n Figs. 1and 11. Directlyover the condenser, 1', is a draft opening (a) to theexterlor through the roof of the car, and adjacent the condenser is adraft opening (a5) to the of the car. See

Fig. 11.

The bottom ofthe car, beneath the con-4 denser, is open, and adouble-ended draftproducing funnel r directs the a1r currents throughthe housing of the coils of the condenser, as the car moves in eitherdirection; at the same time Ventilating the car. The water-pipe coils r2of the condenser are allows/' contained in the Huid pipe coils g and arearranged as follows: The outlet pipe f8 (see Fig. 11)` from thewat'erpump f (shown 1n Figs. 2 and enters the lower coil'g of the condenserr1`he water coils r2 continue upward to the top coi-l of the condenser,and there they connect with a'return water-pipe fg., outside said fluidcoils. Said water pipe ff runs to the bottom of the car, traversingthrough a bank of cooling-coils g2, inclosed in a case, then-ce througha water or brine tank g3, for further cooling the circulating water',and from such tank g3 the inlet water-pipe n carries the water back tothe Water pump f. The cooling-coils Q2 are preferably inclosed in aperforated house, as indicated at g5. As auxiliary means for aiding thecooling of the water in the coils q2, 'I have provided a fan g4, drivenby aA stepped up chain drive from `the axle a2 of the cara. See Figs.. 2and 11.

-A plurality of refrigerating coils, t, mounted on the side and endwalls of the car connect directly withkthe bottom of the liquid iuidreceiver s. This receiver (shown 'in Figs. l0 and 11) lconsists of avacuum walled receptacle, thus insulated against external heat. Theliquefied uid vpasses into this receiver from the condenser fr, and thenflows from the receiver into the several refrigerating coils t. A smallpipe line s taps into one of the coils t, and runs backinto and throughthe receiver s, where it is formed as a coil s2, (see Fig. 10) immersedin the liquid in the receiver s. Said coil .s2 then connects with a pipesa, which connects with the inlet pipe c3 of the compressor c, as shownin Fig. 10. An expansion valve s4 in the pipe s" permits a small flow offluid to pass into the pipe s2 in which it expands and gasifies .and inso doing further cools the liquid in the receiver s.

The flow through each of the refrigerating coils t is controlled byascrew adjusted expansion' valve t. Furthermore, a safety blow-outIvalve, t2, (see Fig. 2) similar .to those used in the inlet and outletof the compression cylinders', is located at some yconvenient point oneagh refrigerating coil. The llower pressure ends of the refrigerat-,ing coils, t, connect directly with the inlet pipe c3 of the Huidcompressorrwhich conducts thel expanded gasied fluid back to anddisconnected by convenient means, with contiguous car units of a train,orto a source of power at the station, as at u2.'

The source of electric power may be conveniently provided with a dynamo'w3 on the engine of the train.

As an auxiliary feature in connection with the oil separator, p, I haveprovided a pipe, p11, connecting the upper interior'portion of the oilseparator with the atmosphere, and closed by a valve p12. See Fig. 9. Byclosing the valves, m11 and g, the oil separator will be entirely cutout of communication with the rest of the refrigerating apparatus. Byopening the valve p12 the excess pressure in the separator may bereduced and when desired fresh oil may be poured into the separatorthrough the pipe p11.

I claim:

l. In an apparatus of the character de? scribed including a condenser,and means for circulating the fluid through the condenser, thecombination with the outlet and inlet of said means, of an oil separatorlocated between said outlet and inlet,I the outlet being connected withthe top and the inlet connected with the bottom of said separator; ascreen betweenfthe inlet and the outlet of the separator; a conduit fromthe oil separator to the condenser and an air dome provided with a valvecontrolled exy haust, said air dome located between the outlet of saidoil separator and the inlet of the fluid circulating means.

2. vIn an apparatus of the character described, including a condenserand means for circulating the fluid through the condenser; thecombination with the outlet and inlet of said means, of an oil separator3. In an apparatus of the character described including a condenser,andmeans for circulating the fluid within the con-l denser, the combinationwith Ythe outlet and I inlet of 'said means, ofan oil separator locatedbetween said outlet and inlet, the

voutlet being connected with the top and the inlet connected with thebottom of sai. separator; a screen lbetween the inlet and the outlet ofthe separator; a conduit from the oil separator to the condenser; avalve element included in said conduit;l an air dome provided with avalve controlled exhaust, said air dome located between the outlet ofsaid oil separator and the inlet of the fluid circulating means; andbranch pipes connecting both sides. ofv said air dome with said inlet.

4. In an apparatus of the character described including a condenser, andmeans for circulating the fluid within the condenser, the combinationwith the outlet and inlet of said means, of an oil separator locatedbetween said outlet Aand inlet, the outlet being connected with the topand the inlet connected with the bottom of said separator; a screenbetween the inlet and the outlet of the separator; a conduit from theoil separator to the condenser; an air dome provided with a valvecontrolled exhaust, said air dome located between the-outlet of said oilseparator and the inlet of the fluid circulating means; and a valveelement controlling the passage of the Huid from said separator toinlet.

5. In an apparatus ofl the character described including a condenser,and means for circulating the fluid within the condenser, thecombination with the outlet andl inlet of said means, of an oilseparator located between said outlet and inlet, the outlet beingconnected with the top and the inlet con nected with the bottom of saidseparator; a screen between the inlet and the outlet of the separator; aconduit from the oil separator to the condenser; an air dome providedwith a valve controlled exhaust, said air dome located between theoutlet of said oil separator and the inlet of the fluid circulatingmeans; branch pipes connecting both sides of said air dome with saidinlet;

and a valve element located below said branch pipes for controlling thepassage of the Huid from said separator to inlet.

6. In an apparatus of the character described including a condenser,.and means for circulating the fluid within the condenser, thecombination with the outlet and inlet of said means, of an oil separatorloca-ted between said outlet and inlet, the outlet being connected withthe top and the inlet connected with'the bottom of said separator; ascreen between the inlet and the Aoutlet of' the separator; a conduitfrom the `both sides of said air dome with said conduit; and a valve anda check valve located in respective order below saidvbranch pipes forcontrolling the passage of fluid through said inlet.

7 In an apparatus of the character described V.including a condenser,and means for circulatingthe Huid within the condenser` the combinationwith the outlet and inlet of said means, of an oil separator locatedbetween said outlet and inlet, the outlet being connected with the top'and the inlet connected with the bottom of said separator; a conduitfrom the oil vseparator to the condenser, a valve element included insaid conduit; and a valve and a check valve' controlling the passage offluid through said inlet, a valve inthe inlet connection ofoilseparator; a pipe leading to the atmospliere on such oil separator, suchpipe adapted for introducing oil into the oil separator, and a valve insuch pipe. "1'

8. In an apparatus of the character described including a condenser,andmeans for circulating the fluid within the condenser,

the combination withV the outlet and)l inlet of i said means, of an oilseparator locatedbetween said outlet and inlet, the outlet beingconnected with the top and the inlet con nected with the bottom of saidseparator, a screen or iilter between the inlet and the 'outletconnections of the separator, c011- duit from the oil separator tothecondenser', a valve in said conduit, and a valve in the ,connectionbetween the oil separator and the outlet of said circulatingmeans, saidvalves Y Witnesses:

WM. C. SCHMITT, CECIL LONG.

